Fusarium ear rot (Fusarium verticillioides)

Fusarium ear rot: biology

Fusarium ear rot is a common corn ear disease caused by Fusarium verticillioides. The Fusarium fungi overwinter in the soil and on crop residue. Soil-borne hypha or air-borne spores survive in a variety of conditions; warm and wet weather two to three weeks after silking provides favourable environmental conditions for the disease to progress and thrive. Sites of previous kernel damage due to insects, animals or mechanical means are more prone to infection.

Fusarium infection is characterized by white, grayish or pinkish mould on single kernels scattered around the cob. White streaks, referred to as “star-bursting”, can be seen on kernel surfaces. Multiple infected kernels can be scattered around the cob, differentiating Fusarium ear rot from Gibberella, which typically appears as clumps of infected kernels.

Fusarium ear rot reduces yield and grain quality. Fusarium verticillioides produces the mycotoxin fumonisin, which can be fatal to pigs and horses, and is a human carcinogen.